November 2010 Report on the Bosnian Pyramids – Ravne’s tunnels (Theories about artefacts and structure)
TAG: bosnian pyramids, Visoko Civilsation, archaeology, stecak, Ravne's tunnel, Ravne Labyrinth, SBRG, SB Research Group
Fig. 1 - Some artefacts (little monoliths) found in Ravne's tunnels
What has emerged so far from excavations? After different historical periods of the tunnel s development – megaliths, construction and sealing - another civilization came along, probably much later in time (maybe in the Neolithic Age), who re-inhabited the tunnel’s entrance that has never been completely sealed, thus leaving many more traces of their presence.
When the tunnels have been re-opened in 2007, thanks to Semir Osmanagic’s genius, many traces of the latter population have been found, such as remnants of fires to make light or heat. They also left several moulds for bronze melting to make small objects such as arrowheads.
Yet if we go deeper into the tunnels, after removing the earth, there is no trace of those who sealed them or other signs that could give indications on those who built or sealed them, except for a few small monoliths found next to some chambers in which other tunnels start.
There is no trace of the smoke of torches at the entrance, nor hooks to some kind of lamp. Yet the tunnel is in complete darkness. Absolutely nothing. As if those who sealed the tunnels were also careful to remove everything or the tunnels were originally empty, except for the large monoliths and the important features are further in the tunnels, where the clearing has not yet been carried out.
But small manufactured objects emerging as clearing proceeds must be taken into consideration too. They are the only remains of the tunnels’ builders or of the following sealers’ and the objects must have been placed there on purpose, given the careful elimination of all other traces. The material with which they are made is the same of the large monoliths and if some of them are observed against the light, the same mysterious symbols we found on the stecaks emerge.
Fig. 2 - One of the manufactured objects found in the tunnels. An engraved halberd- or flower- looking shape can be clearly seen.
They are sandstones, as a block of concrete for us. The binder seems the same and the amorphous material inside looks like sand. Given the importance of the objects they cannot be taken down to analyse their structure more accurately.
Fig. 3 - Another manufactured object found at the side of one of the tunnel’s entrances. The photograph is not clear enough, yet there is a small arrow engraved, similar to the one found on larger monoliths.
Since there is no further trace, these artefacts must be taken in serious consideration. They are usually placed on the tunnels’ round so as not to create obstacles and they seem to have been placed as if to indicate a direction.
Then they have been covered with earth without moving them or carrying them with the same earth that covered them. Unfortunately the smallest of them have been moved by the workers in order to make clearing easier. The latter, despite their peculiar shapes, have a smooth side in order for them to be placed and balanced. They almost look like abstract sculptures.
Fig. 4 - Another manufactured object found in the tunnels. Its shape is very peculiar as it recalls certain larger megaliths found in Carnac in Brittany and – with a bit of imagination - it is similar to a bird’s head
For this reason at the beginning, especially the small objects have been confused with stone deposits mixed to the earth used to seal the tunnels and put together with filling materials. It could be some sort of direction or they have another precise, unknown use, but they have been placed on purpose.
Let’s deal with the earth used to seal the tunnels.
Perhaps we cannot imagine the huge amount of earth used to seal the tunnels. Excavations started in 2007 and the hill created in the bank in front of the tunnel has become bigger and bigger. It reminds me of remains deposited in front of ancient mines.
Fig. 5 - Photographs do not give a fair idea of the huge amount of earth carried outside the galleries in three years. And yet it is only the first part of the tunnels.
Now, since only a minimal part of tunnels has been cleared, either such a huge amount of earth has been carried by a huge number of people or it has been carried with a technology that could carry a massive amount of earth in a short period of time.
We would choose the latter explanation for a very simple reason: if thousands of people were used to seal the tunnels, they would have left also large amount of traces.
Just think of workers who come in our house to make small restructuring works. In the buckets of materials, how many empty cigarette packets, paper towels, wastes can you find? These people must have eaten something during their work, don’t you think? Where are those rests that might certainly have been abandoned in the earth filling up the galleries?
But we found nothing. Neither traces of the workers who sealed the tunnels, nor traces of their tools casually abandoned. We did not even find traces of the use of tools.
So the second hypothesis must be taken into consideration, i.e. the implementation of a very sophisticated technology to seal the tunnels allowed for the transportation of huge amounts of materials in a short period of time, with no great effort and few workers.
We have extensively discussed this issue with Semir Osmanagić, the pyramids’ discoverer, and all we could think of is the use of a large hose to shoot a large amount of earth inside the galleries without moving the objects placed on the round.
The use of transportation devices can be excluded owing to the narrow size of the tunnels. Furthermore there should have been traces of wheels or caterpillar tracks.
Fig. 6 - The narrow size of several parts of the tunnel suggests that no machines have been used to carry the earth that sealed tunnels so carefully
It must be recalled that simple carriages on wheels are the only means to carry the earth cleared by workers and volunteers with shovels inside the tunnels and there cannot be too many of them owing to circulation problems. This aspect is a remarkable progress compared to a few months ago when wheelbarrows had to be used.
Fig. 7 - Carriages to carry the earth are the most effective means for movements inside the tunnels. This photo was taken at the entrance of Ravne’s tunnels.
Therefore if the use of many slaves (or simply, workers) inside the tunnels to carry out sealing seems impossible, we must admit that the population who sealed the tunnel must have had a very sophisticated level of technology in the moving of the earth; quite similar to the technology belonging to those who built the tunnels. Could it be the same civilization? Maybe, but there is no evidence of that.
Let us continue to use the logic applied to data collected so far in Ravne’s tunnels.
If a population owned such a technology, why didn’t they just close down the tunnels’ entrances with concrete walls?
The obvious answer is that they did not feel it was enough and I am thinking of something like Chernobyl, who knows. Yet there is another reason for using the earth to seal the tunnels: if a population owned such an advanced technology to move a lot of earth rapidly and in a short time to seal the tunnel, they also had the technology to clear it.
Therefore the sealing of tunnels was considered a temporary solution to a temporary situation, after which the tunnels could be recovered. However, apparently, this temporary solution was not as temporary as it seemed and it carried on until today.
What happened, that required such a sealing? It is hard to say and all hypotheses would be airy-fairy.
Someone is convinced that the tunnels’ sealing has taken place to prevent something outside from damaging the structures inside (water? A war?); we feel that if something like this were to have happened, the very first portions of the tunnels would not have been left empty, i.e. those used during the Bronze Age.
Other people think that those who sealed the tunnels closed themselves inside the structure by placing many meters of earth between them and the danger outside.
We think that something slipped out of hand of this population and they wanted to confine themselves into the depth of the structure (Radon gas?).
Presumably after a few years this danger no longer exists, yet this aspect remains to be seen.
For this last reason I started measuring the radioactivity in the tunnel and in several fissures which opened up in the Sun Pyramid owing to tectonic movements that invested the pyramid itself. These measurements have been made by the University of Sarajevo, yet our team decided to carry them out differently.
Our measurements, precisely the initial measurements will be repeated in December and will be discussed in next paper.
Fig. 8 - A dry-stone wall seals the entrance to an underground chamber that goes downwards to the side of the cleared tunnel.
prof. agg. Paolo Debertolis, dr. Valeria Hocza - 16 November 2010
(2 - to be continued)
A few small clips shot during the research:
1) Ravne’s Tunnel under the Sun Pyramid – One ton pyramid
2) Ravne’s Tunnel under the Sun Pyramid – Latest parts of the tunnel cleared out from the earth
Sincere thanks to Dr.Sci. Semir Osmanagic, who discovered the Bosnian Pyramids, for allowing these studies and to Amir Suša for his patience and helpfulness.
November 2010 Report on Ravne’s tunnels (Preliminary study approach)
TAG: bosnian pyramids, Visoko Civilsation, archaeology, stecak, Ravne tunnels, Ravne Labyrinth, SBRG, SB Research Group
Fig. 1 - Ravne tunnels during expedition
This time the scientific expedition to Ravne maze included just three members: dr. Valeria Hocza, hungarian doctor, as scientific assistant; mr. Andrea Venturini, as the photographer, who has also actively participated in excavations at the Moon Pyramid, and myself, prof. agg. Paolo Debertolis as medical anthropologist.
As usual we left from Trieste (Italy) by car and took a nine-hour trip through Slovenia, Croatia and part of Bosnia, we have been immediately taken at Ravne’s tunnel during the night.
The magic of entering those tunnels in the middle of the night is priceless. As soon as we sank into the deep tunnels in the long structure (3 Km) situated on the West side of the Sun Pyramid, we were immediately welcomed by the brisk air.
Fig. 2 - The tunnels ogival shape (catenary). This ogive opens up where the tunnels tends to become wider
I am always amazed that, despite the narrow and humid structure, the air is always incredibly pure, with no unpleaseant smells that are usually present inside galleries with no forced ventilation.
Volunteers have abandoned the site a long time ago at the end of Autumn-Winter season and the operations are carried out by approximately seven workers carefully managed by Amir Suša, whom Semir Osmanagic, the father of the Bosnian Pyramid, has asked to organize the technical management of excavations.
The excavation plan had been previously agreed with the archaeologist, Sara Acconci, who is the scientific coordinator of the excavations at all structures of the Visoko Civilization in the same valley.
Fig. 3 - Amir Suša is very proud of the findings and is showing us the latest progress in the excavations
Despite the reduction of the workforce, operations never stopped and perhaps quality has even improved.
Excavations here cannot be compared to a mine; the work has to be very careful in order not to damage possible findings that could emerge, as it has happened many times lately. All findings had similar features. But we will deal with this aspect later on.
With no tourists, silence in the tunnel at this hour of the night did not seem hostile, rather it favoured concentration. Amazingly enough, the hung-over and the fatigue we had built up during the journey immediately disappeared as we went deeper into the tunnels. The air was not only brisk, but it also had an exhilarating effect, yet very different from the effect of alcohol.
We looked at each other in surprise and we stood for a long time in front of the megaliths abandoned here and there in the tunnels. They are all made of the same sandy material held together by a mysterious binder.
In particular we stopped in front of the 8-ton megalith with that goofy shape of a pudding outside of its bowl.
Fig. 4 - The 8-ton megalith is really large and it hardly fits into a wider area of the tunnel
The visit in the middle of the night is fascinating yet, compared to previous visits in July, it enabled us to capture details that could not be perceived among crowds of shouting tourists or the noise of working men.
Fig. 5 - The light is spotting one of the tiny arrows drawn on the megalith’s surface.
Fig. 6 - The feeling is the same also for the other megaliths. In the red circle there is a small arrow that appears to indicate the flow’s direction
Fig. 7 - Dr. Valeria Hocza stays for a long time close to the 8-ton megalith
My colleague and I, as doctors, agree that, whatever the origin of this flow (maybe by electromagnetic fields in these tunnels), it can probably induce the production of endorphins, just like in pain therapy’s different techniques (acupuncture, electro-stimulation, laser, etc). This would also explain the slightly exhilarating effect that can be felt at the entrance of Ravne’s tunnel.
Endorphins are hormones produced by the brain . They carry out coordination and control of higher neural activities. They are responsible for the degree of moodiness and are a “natural drug”, produced by our body in order to improve our resistance to stress, fatigue and most of all, pain.
Furthermore, carvings on the megaliths – many small arrows not longer than 7-8 cm – seem to give precise indications as to the flow’s direction and how it crosses the rock.
Amir was with us during the visit and he showed us the last portions of the tunnel that have been re-opened by his team of workers.
As in previous years, the side branches have been neglected as the earth has not been cleared and, with the help of a compass, a precise choice was made to point to the Sun Pyramid. Yet some of the side branches have been opened as well.
Strangely enough, this last aspect contributed to the evolution of the theory on the Ravne tunnel.
By observing the tunnels as a whole, they seem to branch off with no logic whatsoever, but slowly the complexity and the sense of the structure emerges. The tunnels are not arranged in a rough geometrical pattern, but in another pattern.
Actually tunnels go up and down with such an inclination that allows water percolating from the tunnel’s walls to be carefully drained without proceeding too fast on the ground and taking material away. On the other side the inclination prevents it from stagnating in the galleries, thus forming ponds.
This means that the building techniques of Visoko’s Civilization were so advanced that for each tunnel the suitable inclination had been calculated, in order for the water to flow freely and so that its movement or stillness could not alter the very structure of the tunnel.
But you haven't heard the last of this.
The different heights inside the galleries, the fact that they sometimes are wider, then sometimes shrink, as well as the modification of the width between the two sides of the gothic arch representing the gallery's constant morphology, enables air circulation to accelerate sometimes and to slow down sometimes - according to Bernoulli's Theorem - depending on the effect desidered in that particular moment in that precise part of the gallery.
Fig. 8 - A side tunnel’s entrance that is still closed with the usual dry-stone wall
At this point I don’t think that everybody will have understood the meaning of this gallery system except for some bio-architect or some engineer, who is also an expert in fluximetry, therefore I will try to explain further.
Usually, in our homes or industrial buildings, the circulation of the inside air is a consequence of opening doors and windows. This aspect is often neglected over the intended use of the building itself.
If, for instance, we wanted to build a gymnasium and the communication hallways to reach it, we would not be interested in how the air circulates inside the gymnasium, because later we would provide ventilators and air shafts in order to reach the desired volume of circulating air. That means that if we needed a certain amount of cubage and had some money, we would build accordingly, without taking into consideration other factors, at least at the beginning.
Fig. 9 - Another side tunnel still to be cleared. However it has not been completely filled with earth.
However if we take this reasoning from an opposite side, i.e. we take into consideration air and fluid circulation as the most important part of our building, we will end up building “around” air circulation and also “around” water draining as is the case of Ravne’s tunnel.
The scenario at this point is extraordinary: the builders of the Ravne tunnel perforated the mountain with the idea to build around the flow of air.
In the end it is not a mine, but a structure built around megaliths and the flow of air. So we have to try to imagine a semi-hollow structure hundreds of metres long and wide.
You will think it is impossible for a population to build such a structure just because we do not have a technology that enables us to move millions of cubic meters of materials easily as they did. Yet if we did have that technology, we would certainly apply it if the building could have a thaumaturgic effect.
Think of entering your office or the factory you work for and, thanks to inside air and fluid circulation, all of your ailments disappear and you cheer up without doing anything to obtain it. Would you not go gladly to work?
Because it would no longer be working, but it would be like going to the spa and your productivity and mood would always be at their top conditions.
This is why findings in Ravne’s tunnel could rewrite history and also architecture. This structure, with its tunnels and its thaumaturgic features can support millions of cubic metres of earth above it without collapsing after thousands of years from its building. The reason being – as I already mentioned – they are not galleries dug into rock but a complex underground structure, twenty metres from the surface, at least in the parts that have been cleared so far.
Today we do not have such a technology, nor the knowledge, while this ancient population apparently had different relations with our planets physics and with its field lines.
Who could have built such a magnificence? And, above all, when did Visoko’s Civilization build it?
To answer these questions we will have to wait for the results of the research that have just started, yet progress made in the last few months is very promising.
But our main target (SBRG) is to study archaeoacustics and physical phenomena in this ancient site too.
prof. agg. Paolo Debertolis, dr. Valeria Hocza - 2 November 2010
(End of the first part)
Sincere thanks to Dr.Sci. Semir Osmanagic, who discovered the Bosnian Pyramids, for allowing these studies and to Amir Suša for his patience and helpfulness.
Aerial survey of the Bosnian Pyramids - The Pyramid of the Sun
TAG: pyramids Bosnia, Bosnian pyramids, Visoko Civilization, pyramids, archeology, Pyramid of the Sun
Abstract - People find it difficult to understand how the main pyramids of the Civilization of Visoko are formed, as we expect pyramids to have precise geometric shapes, similar to the Great Pyramid in Egypt or the pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico. However, the pyramids in Visoko differ from these classical formations. The Internet shows more or less the same photographs, taken from the same favorable angle drawing a parallel with the most famous pyramids all over the world. Certainly these do not help those who would like to analyise them further. For this reason we rented a small plane to perform a reconnaissance of these extraordinary structures from the sky to gain a better understanding of their design. We will begin to examine the greatest: the Pyramid of the Sun.
Fig. 1 - The Pyramid of the Sun (left) is situated at the end of a 3 kilometers long (approx) hill formation. The image is taken from the highway that leads to Visoko
Some people have tried to encourage the belief that the Visoko pyramids in Bosnia are similar to the Egyptian pyramids with similar faces or with steps on faces such as those found in Central America. This would certainly make it an attractive toursist destination increasing the number of visitors to Bosnia. We have seen some unreal reconstructions of this idea as a kind of hybrid, as if the originality of the Bosnian pyramids has something to hide, like a relation of which we are ashamed.
However this is a big mistake.
In fact, the most extraordinary pyramid, the Pyramid of the Sun, is a perfect asymmetrical pyramid on only two or three sides with a rectangular base; it is part of a much longer hill formation almost three kilometers in length, that runs along its west side.
Some people say that because it has unequal sides, it is not a true pyramid. This asymmetric figure is one of the main symbols of this ancient civilization of Visoko, which remodeled the hill.
For this reason we rent a small propeller plane, a Cessna 172 single engine with a variable pitch propeller, four-high wing, produced since 1950, is a long, lightweight, reliable, popular light aircraft produced in greater amount than any other aircraft ever built.
We took off from a small airport with a grass runway a few miles from Visoko, in some minutes we were above the pyramid with cameras and video cameras in high resolution.
Fig. 2 - Our Cessna 172
Only from the sky can the extent of the entire complex be understood. Moreover, the most famous pictures have always been taken from the North side to highlight the pyramidal surface, so as to raise a greater interest.
Fig. 3 - This is an earlier photographic survey of the Pyramid of the Sun.
The pyramid has only two sides (North and East) which look like a classic pyramid shape. On the western side is attached the structure that includes the entrance to the Ravne tunnels. In the south the pyramidal structure is lost in the hills behind
Fig. 4 - The Pyramid of the Sun, as seen during the flight over the highway. The complex part of the west face is evident
We must not forget the scout hole dug on the corner of the North and West side, (unfortunately now abandoned and starting to deteriorate), which perfectly highlights the corner of the pyramid.
Flying in from the North to the Pyramid of the Sun (also known as Visoćica hill), the triangular edge of the pyramid front is visable along with the plateau linked to the West façade.
Guides from the Foundation of the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun say this elongated structure was created by the citizens of Visoko, who for centuries deposited filling material here during the building of the city. This information is a little odd. In fact, the structure near the Pyramid of the Sun has gigantic dimensions, for which a justification for the existence of this kind appears highly unlikely.
A much more credible theory is that the elongated structure was shaped by nature and the pyramid only rested on it. On the other side of this structure the Ravne tunnels represent the air conditioning system for the middle and base of this structure.
We do not know what is inside the pyramid. After three years of digging (we are in 2010) the Foundation of the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun has managed to excavate only 400 meters of material from the 2.5km long Ravne Labyrinth tunnels. We can assume that the entire system of Ravne tunnels is filled with soil and dry stone walls.
Ultimately the Pyramid of the Sun appears to set against this elongated structure located to the West, and surrounded by natural hills to the South, as seen from the next image plane.
Fig. 5 - Now it is easy to distinguish the part of the west side of the pyramid, the rectangular structure which is connected to to the "plateau"
The shape of the pyramid became clearer after turning to the left of the plateau.
Fig. 6 - The west front side of the Pyramid of the Sun with the rectangular structure at approximately 2/3 of its height and leaning against the plateau. The edge between the North and West façade is clearly visible
The dimensions of the elongated structure are remarkable, the image below which was taken from the fields on the north side of this pyramid extension, helps us to understand the proportions.
Fig. 7 - Image taken from the elongated sides of the structure placed on the Pyramid of the Sun. The summit is indicated by the arm of the first person in the group
From the plateau where the elongated structure sits, it is easy to see the medieval fortress on the summit.
Fig. 8 - This image was taken from the plateau placed to the west of the Pyramid of the Sun, the he ruins of the medieval fortress on the summit of the pyramid are visible
When continuing the turn to encircle the top of the pyramid, the ruins of the medieval fortress (with its central circular tower) becomes visible. It is possible to distinguish the existing internal walls within the completely destroyed surrounding walls.
Fig. 9 - These are the ruins of the fortress that was built on top of the Pyramid of the Sun. Sophisticated radio wave ground systems, found the remains of two entrances on the summit that had been demolished (according to the tradition by myths, this is something the Ottomans did)
Local tradition says that the fortress was accessed by using one of two entrances to the tunnels below the pyramid. Further, just before the fort was conquered by the Ottomans, the Queen of Bosnia managed to escape with her most trusted knights through these tunnels. Some say they came out of a tunnel behind Turkish lines others however, report that they never came out of them.
Other local traditions state that some Turkish soldiers tried to climb through these passages in search of treasure and riches, but they were unable to return. Others however, say people heard them screaming before disappearing. It seems certain that the Turks blew up these entrances, so that nobody could get lost again. These entrances were discovered by a ground radar system (as used in oil drilling) that found they were totally collapsed and no longer possible to access them.
It is difficult to carry out further excavations without causing damage to the fortress, this now seems highly unlikely as this is a symbol of identity for the whole of Bosnia.
If we continue the flight around the pyramid in a counterclockwise direction, we can see the South side that melts into the hills. There is no distinct corner here, and no distinct edge between the West face and East face of the pyramid.
Fig. 10 - View from the South face of the Pyramid of the Sun, showing the edge between the West face and South side
The South face is lost partly to the plateau, partly to the hills on that side and partly to the ‘Pyramid of Love’ (whose existence has yet to be proven, but attracts many tourists who go there for marriage).
The South face is not even visible from satellite images or from the plane.
Fig. 11 - Satellite image of the Pyramid of the Sun (or Visoćica Hill).
The south face is not well-defined
Flying over the pyramid in a counterclockwise direction, the South-East corner appears; a hump between the middle third and upper third is visible.
Fig. 12 - View over the South -West corner of the Pyramid of the Sun
Fig. 13 - To the left of the South face and in the center the top plate of the Pyramid of Love. On the right is the hill into which the South face melts
To avoid getting lost in the references and cardinal points, we will take a look at a high altitude picture showing the three visible corners of the pyramid.
Fig. 14 - High altitude view of the Pyramid of the Sun in relation to the orientation with the cardinal points, deflected by about 3 ° E. This image is not an SBRG production it is easy to find it on the Internet (Amer Smailbegovic, 2005)
Returning to the South-East corner, with the ‘hump’ clearly visible in the view to the Pyramid of the Sun (in Bosnian language: Piramida Sunca) from the Pyramid of the Moon (in Bosnian language: Piramida Mjeseca) positioned in front of it.
Fig. 15 - Image taken from the Pyramid of the Moon: the Pyramid of the Sun is on the right the ‘hump’ is clearly visible on the south-east corner, while the North-East corner is very regular. On the left is the Pyramid of Love, behind the two pyramids there are natural and untouched hills
Many people are debating whether the Pyramid of the Sun has a South face, (a very weak argument also used by skeptics), the fact that this may not exist does not eradicate the other faces.
I am not aware of any surveys carried out on this side of the pyramid, the aerial view seems to indicate this has not been the case.
Continuing to fly over the pyramid in a counterclockwise direction, we see the east face (unfortunately in shadow due to the sunsetting at the hour of our exploration flight) with a winding road climbing up to the pyramid plateau.
Fig. 16 - The East face completely in shadow at sunset during our flight
Unfortunately it was not possible to view the east face of the Pyramid of the Sun in detail however, we were able to clearly see the small ‘hump’ two-thirds of the way up the South-East corner. At the foot of the east face, is the town of Visoko.
Fig. 17 - The east face from another angle, with the North East edge beginning to appear
The edge between the East face and the North (the longest of all) precedes the appearance of the North face, the most impressive.
Fig. 18 - The North face with all its grandeur begins to appear
Fig. 19 - In this image (taken form a three-quarter view) the North face is visible with the South-East corner with its hump
To understand how long the North-Eastern edge of the pyramid is, this black and white image (from the internet), highlights this corner using a yellow dotted line.
Fig. 20 - The North-East corner is certainly longer than that of the edge of North-West
The difference in length between the two corners of the north face (considered the main face of the Pyramid of the Sun), is the reason why much of the symbolism of the Civilization of Visoko features a constant asymmetric two-dimensional image of a pyramid. This symbolism with a flat summit is found almost everywhere on the stećći (monumental stones of Bosnia) found throughout Bosnia and beyond.
Fig. 21 - An aerial photo of the Pyramid of the Sun, overlooking the town of Visoko in the sunset light of August 22nd, 2010
It is worth highlighting the lack of drainage of a well-preserved forest on the sides of the pyramid (eg North and East), and almost nonexistent drainage on the South and West sides, damaged by past human intervention. An example of such interventions are the trenches dug for defense by various armies on the South side. This is also the reason why the south face is the most affected, when considering the Pyramid of the Sun as a remodeled hill.
The lack of streams and rivers on the faces of the pyramid is due to drainage provided by the builders inside of the pyramid itself, which would provide rain-water or from melting snow.
I have shown with a few photographs (of the dozens taken) multiple steps of the different faces of the Pyramid of the Sun. I'm sure some skeptical people will say that I am swapping the pyramids with all-natural hill.
In conclusion, I consider the Pyramid of the Sun to be a natural hill, remodeled by someone along time ago. We can find similar examples all over the world, without these dimensions.
Until someone enters the heart of the hill/pyramid we will not know with any certainty if this hill was reshaped by man.
Paolo Debertolis - September 4, 2010
Video taken from the airplane in the exploration of the Pyramid of the Sun from the sky here.
